Difference between Bacteria and Viruses (Bacteria vs Virus)

Bacteria vs Viruses

Bacteria	Viruses
Most bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Certain bacteria, e.g., Rickettsia and Chlamydias are obligate intracellular parasites	Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites
Plasma membrane present	Plasma membrane absent
Binary fission occurs	Binary fission absent
Most bacteria cannot pass through bacteriological filters. A few, e.g., rickettsias and chlamydias are filterable	They can pass through bacteriological filters
Possess both DNA and RNA	Either DNA or RNA, but never both
ATP generating metabolism is present	Absent
Ribosomes present	Ribosome absent
They are sensitive to antibiotics	Insensitive to the available antibiotics

Learn more: 15 Difference between Bacteria and Virus

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Types of Anaemia and its cause

Types of Anaemia and its cause

1. Microcytic anemia: Deficiency of iron

2. Megaloblastic anemia: Deficiency of folic acid and Vit B₁₂

3. Pernicious anaemia: Deficiency of B₁₂

4. Haemorrhagic anaemia: Excessive bleeding

5. Hemolytic anaemia: Haemolysis (Rupture of RBCs)

6. Aplastic anemia: Destruction of bone marrow

7. Nutritional anaemia: Inadequate food

8. Sickle cell anaemia: Gene mutation

9. Thalassemia: Gene mutation

10. Septicemia: Blood poisoning

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Multiple Choice Questions on Fungi and Lichens

1. Fungal cell wall is composed of

a) chitin

b) chitin and cellulose

c) hemicellulose

d) only cellulose

2. Oomycetes is the alternate name of

a)Zygomycetes

b)Phycomycetes

c)Ascomycetes

d)only cellulose

3. One of the common fungal disease of man is

a) cholera

b) plague

c) typhoid

d) ringworm

4. Sac fungi are

a) Ascomycetes

b)Basidiomycetes

c) Phycomycetes

d) Zygomycetes

5. The edible fungi are

a)rusts

b) mushrooms

c) moulds

d)mildews

6. Yeast is abundantly found in

a)horse dung

b)organic substance rich in sugar

c)organic substance rich in fats

d)moist bread

7. Graphis

a)foliose lichen

b)crustose lichen

c)filamentous lichen

d)Fruticose lichen

8. Major group of algae involved in lichen formation is

a) red algae

b) brown algae

c) blue  green algae

d) all of these

9. Basidiospores are produced by Basidiospores are

a) mycelium

b) conidia

c) basidia

d) hyphae

10. Mycorrhiza is an example of       

a) symbiotic relationship

b) ectoparasitism

c) endoparasitism

d) decomposers

Answers: 
1. a) chitin
2. b)Phycomycetes
3. d) ringworm
4. a) Ascomycetes
5. b) mushrooms
6. b)organic substance rich in sugar
7. b)crustose lichen
8. c) blue  green alage
9. a) mycelium
10. a) symbiotic relationship

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NEET Biology MCQ on Cell Division or Cell Reproduction

1. Microtubule is involved in the   

a) muscle contraction

b) cell division

c) DNA recognition

d) membrane architecture

2. How many mitotic divisions are needed or a single cell to make 128 cells?

a) 7

b) 14

c) 28

d) 32

3. If mitotic division is restricted in G 1 phase of a cell cycle, then the condition is known as

a) S phase

b) G2 phase

c) M phase

d) G0 Phase

4. The number of reduction division required to produce 100 seeds is  

a) 100

b) 125

c) 200

d) 250

5. Crossing over occurs in

a) non sister chromatids of homologous chromosome at two stranded stage

b) non sister chromatids of homologous chromosome at four stranded stage.

c) sister chromatids of homologous chromosome at two stranded stage.

d) Sister chromatids of homologous chromosome at four stranded stage.

6. RNA and histone proteins are synthesised during which of the following phase of cell cycle?

a) S phase

b) G1 phase

c) G2 phase

d) both a and b

7. Amitosis is

a) division involving formation of chromosome bridges

b) division involving spindle formation

c) cleavage of nucleus without recognisable chromosome distribution

d) division in which chromosomes are unequally distributed

8. The term meiosis was coined by

a) Farmer and Moore

b) Flemming

c) Blackman

d) Robertson

9.Crossing over occurs in  

a) diplotene

b) pachytene

c) zygotene

d) leptotene

10. Chiasma represents the sites of

a) terminalization

b) synapsis

c) crossing over

d) disjunction

Learn more: 

• MCQ on Cell Divison 
• MCQ on Cell cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis  
• MCQ on Mitosis
• Chromosome number and Chromatid number (DNA Molecule)  

Answers:

1. b) cell division

2. a) 7

3. d) G0 Phase

4. b) 125

the number of meiosis of ‘n’ number of seeds or grains or zygotes in most of the plants=n + n/4

here n=100

no of meiosis required = 100+100/4=125

5. b) non sister chromatids of homologous chromosome at four stranded stage.

6. d) both a and b

7. c) cleavage of nucleus without recognisable chromosome distribution

8. a) Farmer and Moore

9. b) pachytene

10. c) crossing over

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NEET Biology Multiple Choice Questions on Photosynthesis

1. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) represents the following range of wavelength

a)500-600 nm

b)450-950 nm

c)340-450nm

d)400-700 nm

2. Photorespiration, usually occurs in

a) one cell organelles only

b) two cell organelles

c) three cell organelles

d) four cell organelles

3. The first acceptor of carbon dioxide in C4 plants is

a) malic acid

b)oxaloacetic acid

c)aspartic acid

d)phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP)

4.  The formula of chlorophyll a is

a)C₅₆H₇₀ O₆N₄Mg

b) C₅₅H₇₂ O₅N₄Mg

c) C₅₆H₇₀ O₅N₄Mg

d) C₅₅H₇₀ O₅N₄Mg

Read more: Three major classes of Photosynthetic Pigments

5.  Reduction of NADP take place in

a)cyclic photophosphorylation

b) non cyclic photophosphorylation

c)oxidative photophosphorylation

d)none of the above

6. The organelles for photorespiration are

a)glysosomes

b) glyoxysomes

c)peroxisomes

d)ribosome

7. Photosynthesis is maximum in

a) red light

b) green light

c)low light intensity

d) high light intensity

8. Moll’s half leaf experiment proves that during photosynthesis

a) carbon dioxide is necessary

b)oxygen is released

c)chlorophyll is necessary

d) organic substance is produced

9. Kranz anatomy is one of the characteristics of the leaves of

a)potato

b)wheat

c)sugar cane

d)mustard

10. H2 donor during photosynthesis is

a)NADH

b)NADPH

c)ATP

d)NADP

Learn more: Practice Test on Photosynthesis
Answers

1. d)400-700 nm

2. c) three cell organelles

3.d)phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP)

4. b) C₅₅H₇₂ O₅N₄Mg

5. b) non cyclic photophosphorylation

6. c)peroxisomes

7. a) red light

8. a) carbon dioxide is necessary

9. c)sugar cane

10. b)NADPH

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MCQ on Diversity of Life: The Living World

1. Biodiversity :

a) refers to the number and types of organisms present on earth.

b)Is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome and entire planet.

c) is the measure of heath of an ecosystem

d)all of these

 Ans: d)all of these

2. The number of species that are known (in millions)

a)0.1 -0.4

b)1.7-1.8

c) 0.7- 0.8

d) 2.8-3.8

 ans: b)1.7-1.8

3. The important properties present in living organism are

a) growth and reproduction

b)metabolism and consciousness

c)response to stimuli

d)all are correct

 d)all are correct

4.  Twin characteristics of growth are

a)increase in mass and length

b) increase in are a only

c) increase in length and area

d)increase in mass and increase in number of individuals

ans: d)increase in mass and increase in number of individuals

5. Technically , the most complicated feature of a living organism is

a) growth

b) consciousness

c) response to stimulus

d)metabolism

 ans: b) consciousness

6. Majority of the terrestrial species diversity is confined in the

a) tropical deserts

b)tropical rain forests

c)water reef

d)grassland

 ans: b)tropical rain forests

7. Animal diversity is approximately --- times greater than plant diversity.

a)1.4

b)2.4

c)3.4

d)5.4

 b)2.4

8. How many statements are correct

 i)like plants , animals show growth throughout their life span.

ii)virus undergo cell division

iii)in higher plants and animals growth and reproduction are mutually exclusive events

iv) growth in living organism is intrinsic/ ptotoplasmic and not extrinsic

v)growth and reproduction are mutually inclusive events in single cell organisms

How many statements are correct

a)1

b)2

c)3

d)4

 ans: c)3

9. Metabolism:

a) is not exhibited by bacteria and fungi

b) cannot be demonstrated invitro

c)is the property of only multi cellular forms

d) is a defining feature of life forms

 ans: d) is a defining feature of life forms

10. Which of the following is the exclusive defining feature of living organisms?

a) growth and reproduction

b) growth and consciousness

c)metabolism and consciousness

d)none of these

ans: c)metabolism and consciousness

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What are the Difference between Tadpole and Frog

Tadpole

1. A tadpole lives in water.

2. The tadpole breathes with gills.

3. The tadpole swims with the help of a tail.

Tadpole vs Frog

Frog

1. A frog lives both on the land and in the water.

2. Frog breathes through skin.

3. The frog which is tailless, uses its webbed feet to swim.

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CBSE Class 12 Biology Previous Questions- Short Answer Type

1. Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction? 

Ans: Unicellular

2. Why is tubecotomy considered a contraceptive method?

Ans: It is a surgical method of contraception

3. Write the percentage of F2 homozygous and heterozygous populations in a typical monohybrid cross?

Ans: Fifty percentage each

4. When does a species become founders to cause founder effect?

Ans: original drifted population becomes founders

5. Name two green house gases produced by anaerobic microbes.

Ans: Carbon dioxide and Methane

6. What is the host called that produces a foreign gene product? What is this product called?

Ans: Cloning vector, recombinant (protein)

7. Why do predators avoid eating Monarch Butterfly? How does the butterfly develop this protecting feature?

Ans: Monarch butterfly is distasteful. It develops a chemical during its caterpillar state by feeding on a poisonous weed.

8. Why is the use of unleaded petrol recommended for motor vehicles equipped with catalytic converters?

Ans: Lead in petrol inactivates catalysts thus causing emission of poisonous gases. 

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